Individual, socioeconomic and healthcare access factors influencing the delays in leprosy presentation, diagnosis and treatment: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the factors influencing the presentation, diagnosis and treatment of leprosy in primary healthcare. METHODS: Qualitative research was conducted on patients undergoing treatment in a priority hyperendemic region for leprosy control in northeastern Brazil. Interviews were conducted between September and December 2020 at primary healthcare centers. Data were analysed based on the basic interpretive qualitative structure according to Andersen and Newman's model of healthcare utilisation. RESULTS: Knowledge of leprosy symptoms influenced patients' search for a diagnosis. Unfavorable socioeconomic conditions experienced by patients made diagnosis and treatment difficult. Incorrect evaluations by health professionals caused difficulties and delays in obtaining a diagnosis of leprosy. Perceptions about the disease, such as non-acceptance of the disease and the adverse effects of the medications, affected treatment seeking and treatment continuity. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with leprosy faced delays and healthcare access barriers related to knowledge of the disease, socioeconomic conditions and the structure of healthcare services, which must be considered when creating care plans, surveillance and control actions against leprosy. Appropriate interventions are necessary to reduce delays and better control the disease.

Assessing the cost-effectiveness of integrated case management of Neglected Tropical Diseases in Liberia.

BACKGROUND: In 2017, Liberia became one of the first countries in the African region to develop and implement a national strategy for integrated case management of Neglected Tropical Diseases (CM-NTDs), specifically Buruli ulcer, leprosy, lymphatic filariasis morbidities, and yaws. Implementing this plan moves the NTD program from many countries' fragmented (vertical) disease management. This study explores to what extent an integrated approach offers a cost-effective investment for national health systems. METHODS: This study is a mixed-method economic evaluation that explores the cost-effectiveness of the integrated CM-NTDs approach compared to the fragmented (vertical) disease management. Primary data were collected from two integrated intervention counties and two non-intervention counties to determine the relative cost-effectiveness of the integrated program model vs. fragmented (vertical) care. Data was sourced from the NTDs program annual budgets and financial reports for integrated CM-NTDs and Mass Drug Administration (MDA) to determine cost drivers and effectiveness. RESULTS: The total cost incurred by the integrated CM-NTD approach from 2017 to 2019 was US$ 789,856.30, with the highest percentage of costs for program staffing and motivation (41.8%), followed by operating costs (24.8%). In the two counties implementing fragmented (vertical) disease management, approximately US$ 325,000 was spent on the diagnosis of 84 persons and the treatment of twenty-four persons suffering from NTDs. While 2.5 times as much was spent in integrated counties, 9-10 times more patients were diagnosed and treated. CONCLUSIONS: The cost of a patient being diagnosed under the fragmented (vertical) implementation is five times higher than integrated CM-NTDs, and providing treatment is ten times as costly. Findings indicate that the integrated CM-NTDs strategy has achieved its primary objective of improved access to NTD services. The success of implementing an integrated CM-NTDs approach in Liberia, presented in this paper, demonstrates that NTD integration is a cost-minimizing solution.

Judicialization of the right to health with a focus on neglected tropical diseases: dimensions and challenges in Piauí State, Northeastern Brazil, 2000-2020. / Judicialização do direito à saúde com foco em doenças tropicais negligenciadas: dimensões e desafios no Estado do Piauí, Nordeste do Brasil, 2000-2020.

This article aims to analyse the magnitude and profile of legal demands for public health goods and services, also verifying the presence of legal demands for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in the State of Piauí between 2000-2020. Cross-sectional descriptive study based on the databases of the Court of Justice of Piauí on lawsuits demanding from the Direct Public Administration, goods and health services. A total of 6,658 lawsuits were initially identified. After eligibility analysis, 1,384 cases (20.8%) were analysed, with an increase in demand from 2017. We highlight the characteristics: origin in the capital Teresina (614; 44.4%), 40 to 59 years of age (372; 26.9%), female (761; 55.0%), farmers (123; 8.9%), public legal assistance (1,063; 76.8%), upheld (594; 42.9%). Five (5; 0.4%) lawsuits for NTDs, one visceral leishmaniasis requesting transportation, with granting, four for leprosy (two medicines, one granted, other extinguished without resolution of the merit, one consultation and one exam granted). The judicialization of the right to health is expressive and growing in the State of Piauí. The low demand related to NTDs may translate into limited access not only to health care, but also to the judiciary.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a magnitude e o perfil das demandas judiciais por bens e serviços de saúde pública, verificando também a presença de demandas judiciais para doenças tropicais negligenciadas (DTNs) no Estado do Piauí entre 2000-2020. Estudo transversal descritivo a partir de bases de dados do Tribunal de Justiça do Piauí acerca de processos judiciais demandando bens e serviços de saúde à administração pública direta. Foram identificados inicialmente um total de 6.658 processos judiciais. Após análise de elegibilidade, 1.384 processos (20,8%) foram analisados, verificando-se aumento da demanda a partir de 2017. Ressalta-se as características: origem na capital Teresina (614; 44,4%), 40 a 59 anos de idade (372; 26,9%), sexo feminino (761; 55,0%), agricultores (123; 8,9%), assistência jurídica pública (1.063; 76,8%), julgados procedentes (594; 42,9%). Cinco (5; 0,4%) demandas judiciais para DTNs, uma leishmaniose visceral solicitando transporte, procedente; quatro para hanseníase (dois medicamentos, um concedido, outro extinto sem resolução do mérito, uma consulta e um exame, ambos concedidos). A judicialização do direito à saúde é expressiva e crescente no estado do Piauí. A baixa demanda relacionada a DTNs pode traduzir limitação de acesso não apenas à saúde, mas ao Poder Judiciário.

A qualitative study exploring the parceived impact of race on leprosy-affected persons' experiences of diagnosis and treatment of leprosy in Southeast Brazil

Leprosy is a chronic, yet curable, infectious disease that causes severe morbidity in Brazil with an annual incidence of 33,000 new cases. Recent studies in Brazil showed a correlation between leprosy and the percentage of non-whites affected. Racial discrimination has been documented as a barrier to accessing healthcare. This study seeks to explore whether patients perceive race to have impacted on their leprosy care. A qualitative study was undertaken. 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients' at Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima (ILSL), Brazil. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. 4 main themes were generated: racism is part of Brazilian culture, difficulties associated with the diagnosis of Leprosy, barriers to accessing treatment, and a lack of health education. Participants felt that racism infiltrates all aspects of Brazilian society, with isolated incidents in healthcare settings. Racism is known to be associated with socioeconomic inequalities. Leprosy control continues to be hindered by various social determinants of health. This, in turn, affects patients' access to leprosy treatment and care. This study may inform the continuing development of equitable leprosy control strategies in Brazil.

Utilization of government healthcare services by adult leprosy patients in the Western Province, Sri Lanka.

BACKGROUND: The leprosy services utilization by the patients at the clinic and field level should be high to achieve the target of eliminating leprosy as a public health problem in Sri Lanka. Furthermore, assessing patient and health system delay of a diagnosis and patient knowledge on disease are of equal importance to reveal the accurate picture. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the utilization of government healthcare services by 672 adult leprosy patients in Western Province (WP). Paucibacillary patients diagnosed at least six months and above, and Multibacillary patients diagnosed at least 12 months and above were selected by consecutive sampling method. An interviewer-administered questionnaire (IAQ) was used for data collection. Clinic utilization by leprosy patients was 87.8%. The mean patient-related delay (time taken from the onset of symptoms to the encounter of a doctor/health facility for the first time) was 16.8 months and health care system delay (time taken from the date of clinic registration to start of treatment) was 21.2 days. The overall delay was 17.5 months. Services provided by the Medical Officer of Health (MOH) office for families affected with leprosy was known by 53.8% (n = 298) of patients. Majority of family contacts were examined at the hospitals (n = 299, 44%), 30.8% (n = 207) by the Public Health Inspectors (PHI) and 7% (n = 46) at the MOH offices. PHIs had visited 56.7% (n = 401) of the patient's houses and 54% (n = 363) had received health education by PHI. Mean knowledge score was 50.7 (SD = 17.9). More than half (57.9%, n = 389) of the study sample had a good or very good knowledge level. CONCLUSIONS: Utilization of clinic services was satisfactory. However, a considerable patient-related delay was found. Half of the patients were aware of available field services and a majority of contact screening was conducted at hospitals. Patient knowledge on leprosy was satisfactory.

Interpretation systems, therapeutic itineraries and repertoires of leprosy patients in a low prevalence country. / Sistemas de interpretación, itinerarios y repertorios terapéuticos de pacientes con lepra en un país con baja prevalencia.

OBJECTIVES: In Peru, despite the small number of cases, there is evidence of late diagnosis and hidden prevalence of leprosy. In this context the objective of the study was to know the interpretation systems on leprosy, itineraries and therapeutic repertoires of patients diagnosed with leprosy who are in treatment or who have finished treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A qualitative study was carried out, applying se mi-structured interviews to patients diagnosed with leprosy from the Loreto and Ucayali regions. RESULTS: 30 patients were interviewed. Most did not know the mechanism of leprosy transmission. In relation to therapeutic itineraries, patients generally went to health facilities on the recommendation of third parties who knew the disease. In some cases, health personnel made a bad diagnosis. The importance of the treatment indicated by the "Ministerio de Salud" (Ministry of Health) is recognized; however, economic factors and the distance to health facilities negatively affect adherence to treatment. In addition, it was evidenced that stigma persists towards the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Patients recognize the importance of treatment; however, they express misconceptions about the pathogenesis of leprosy, and weaknesses in the health system are also identified. These problems would lead to delay in diagnosis and treatment. It is recommended to strengthen control strategies and decentralize the care of leprosy with the participa tion of the community, patients, health personnel and healers, considering the identified barriers and a probable underdiagnosis in women.

OBJETIVOS: En Perú, a pesar del escaso número de casos, existe evidencia de un diagnóstico tardío y prevalencia oculta de la lepra. En este contexto el objetivo del estudio fue conocer los sistemas de inter pretación sobre la lepra, itinerarios y repertorios terapéuticos de pacientes con diagnóstico de lepra que se encuentren en tratamiento o con tratamiento culminado. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, aplicando entrevistas semiestructuradas a pacientes con diagnóstico de lepra de las regiones de Loreto y Ucayali. RESULTADOS: Se entrevistaron a 30 pacientes. La mayoría no conocía el mecanismo de transmisión de la lepra. En relación con los itinerarios terapéuticos, los pacientes generalmente acudie ron a los establecimientos de salud por recomendación de terceros que conocían la enfermedad. En al gunos casos, el personal de salud realizó un mal diagnóstico. Se reconoce la importancia del tratamiento indicado por el Ministerio de Salud; sin embargo, factores económicos y la distancia a los establecimien tos de salud afectan de forma negativa la adherencia al tratamiento. Además, se evidenció que persiste el estigma de la enfermedad. CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes reconocen la importancia del tratamiento, sin embargo, manifiestan ideas equivocadas sobre la patogenia de la lepra, además se identifican debilidades en el sistema de salud. Estos problemas conllevarían al retraso en el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se reco mienda fortalecer las estrategias de control y descentralizar la atención de la lepra con la participación de la comunidad, pacientes, personal de salud y curanderos, considerando las barreras identificadas y un probable infradiagnóstico en la mujer.

Orientações sobre o manejo e controle da hanseníase durante a pandemia da COVID-19 / Guidelines on leprosy management and control during the Covid-19 pandemic

Orientações para a unidade de tratamento seguir a reorganização dos seus fluxos de processos de trabalho de forma a melhor atender a demanda dos usuários do SUS, diminuindo a exposição ao Coronavírus, e ao mesmo tempo, assegurando o acesso às ações de manejo da hanseníase com efetividade

Sistemas de interpretación, itinerarios y repertorios terapéuticos de pacientes con lepra en un país con baja prevalencia / Interpretation systems, therapeutic itineraries and repertoires of leprosy patients in a low prevalence country

RESUMEN Objetivos: En Perú, a pesar del escaso número de casos, existe evidencia de un diagnóstico tardío y prevalencia oculta de la lepra. En este contexto el objetivo del estudio fue conocer los sistemas de inter pretación sobre la lepra, itinerarios y repertorios terapéuticos de pacientes con diagnóstico de lepra que se encuentren en tratamiento o con tratamiento culminado. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, aplicando entrevistas semiestructuradas a pacientes con diagnóstico de lepra de las regiones de Loreto y Ucayali. Resultados: Se entrevistaron a 30 pacientes. La mayoría no conocía el mecanismo de transmisión de la lepra. En relación con los itinerarios terapéuticos, los pacientes generalmente acudie ron a los establecimientos de salud por recomendación de terceros que conocían la enfermedad. En al gunos casos, el personal de salud realizó un mal diagnóstico. Se reconoce la importancia del tratamiento indicado por el Ministerio de Salud; sin embargo, factores económicos y la distancia a los establecimien tos de salud afectan de forma negativa la adherencia al tratamiento. Además, se evidenció que persiste el estigma de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: Los pacientes reconocen la importancia del tratamiento, sin embargo, manifiestan ideas equivocadas sobre la patogenia de la lepra, además se identifican debilidades en el sistema de salud. Estos problemas conllevarían al retraso en el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se reco mienda fortalecer las estrategias de control y descentralizar la atención de la lepra con la participación de la comunidad, pacientes, personal de salud y curanderos, considerando las barreras identificadas y un probable infradiagnóstico en la mujer.

ABSTRACT Objectives: In Peru, despite the small number of cases, there is evidence of late diagnosis and hidden prevalence of leprosy. In this context the objective of the study was to know the interpretation systems on leprosy, itineraries and therapeutic repertoires of patients diagnosed with leprosy who are in treatment or who have finished treatment. Materials and methods: A qualitative study was carried out, applying se mi-structured interviews to patients diagnosed with leprosy from the Loreto and Ucayali regions. Results: 30 patients were interviewed. Most did not know the mechanism of leprosy transmission. In relation to therapeutic itineraries, patients generally went to health facilities on the recommendation of third parties who knew the disease. In some cases, health personnel made a bad diagnosis. The importance of the treatment indicated by the "Ministerio de Salud" (Ministry of Health) is recognized; however, economic factors and the distance to health facilities negatively affect adherence to treatment. In addition, it was evidenced that stigma persists towards the disease. Conclusions: Patients recognize the importance of treatment; however, they express misconceptions about the pathogenesis of leprosy, and weaknesses in the health system are also identified. These problems would lead to delay in diagnosis and treatment. It is recommended to strengthen control strategies and decentralize the care of leprosy with the participa tion of the community, patients, health personnel and healers, considering the identified barriers and a probable underdiagnosis in women.

Gridlock from diagnosis to treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Tanzania: low accessibility of molecular diagnostic services and lack of healthcare worker empowerment in 28 districts of 5 high burden TB regions with mixed methods evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) outcomes are adversely impacted by delay in diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: Mixed qualitative and quantitative approaches were utilized to identify healthcare system related barriers to implementation of molecular diagnostics for MDR-TB. Randomly sampled districts from the 5 highest TB burden regions were enrolled during the 4th quarter of 2016. District TB & Leprosy Coordinators (DTLCs), and District AIDS Coordinators (DACs) were interviewed, along with staff from all laboratories within the selected districts where molecular diagnostics tests for MDR-TB were performed. Furthermore, the 2015 registers were audited for all drug-susceptible but retreatment TB cases and TB collaborative practices in HIV clinics, as these patients were in principal targeted for drug susceptibility testing by rapid molecular diagnostics. RESULTS: Twenty-eight TB districts from the 5 regions had 399 patients reviewed for retreatment with a drug-susceptible regimen. Only 160 (40%) had specimens collected for drug-susceptibility testing, and of those specimens only 120 (75%) had results communicated back to the clinic. MDR-TB was diagnosed in 16 (13.3%) of the 120 specimens but only 12 total patients were ultimately referred for treatment. Furthermore, among the HIV/AIDS clinics served in 2015, the median number of clients with TB diagnosis was 92 cases [IQR 32-157] yet only 2 people living with HIV were diagnosed with MDR-TB throughout the surveyed districts. Furthermore, the districts generated 53 front-line healthcare workers for interviews. DTLCs with intermediate or no knowledge on the clinical application of XpertMTB/RIF were 3 (11%), and 10 (39%), and DACs with intermediate or no knowledge were 0 (0%) and 2 (8%) respectively (p = 0.02). Additionally, 11 (100%) of the laboratories surveyed had only the 4-module XpertMTB/RIF equipment. The median time that XpertMTB/RIF was not functional in the 12 months prior to the investigation was 2 months (IQR 1-4). CONCLUSIONS: Underutilization of molecular diagnostics in high-risk groups was a function of a lack of front-line healthcare workforce empowerment and training, and a lack of equipment access, which likely contributed to the observed delay in MDR-TB diagnosis in Tanzania.

Inventory of the epidemiological situation of leprosy in Haiti (2013-2017) for the Five-Year Plan: A first stage toward the implementation of the international strategy to combat leprosy, 2016-2020.

Leprosy is endemic in Haiti and remains a disease misunderstood by the population. In 2018, the national program to fight tuberculosis and leprosy (PNLTL) produced its first strategic plan against leprosy to implement the international strategy of the World Health Organization (WHO). The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological situation of leprosy in Haiti, to assess its prevalence and morbidity, and to guide the strategies of the national plan. A retrospective study of all cases of leprosy diagnosed in the three centers providing care for this disease in Haiti reviewed the new cases at these centers from January 2013 through December 2017. In all, 232 new patients were recorded, or 49 new cases a year. Multibacillary leprosy was predominant: 86%, compared with the international mean of 60 %. Children accounted for 14 % of the new cases (7.5 % internationally), a finding that is evidence of active community transmission. Of the new cases in 2017, 8 %, including one child, had grade 2 impairments. Nearly all the leprosy cases - 94 % (218/232) - came from the two districts with treatment centers (West and Artibonite). Efforts must continue to implement the international strategy to fight leprosy to ensure a reduction by 2020 in the rate of grade 2 impairments among new cases and the number of new cases among children.

Health education and promotion actions among teams of the National Primary Care Access and Quality Improvement Program, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. / Ações educativas e de promoção da saúde em equipes do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.

OBJETIVO: to investigate the provision of health education and promotion actions in primary care, and their association with demographic characteristics and Family Health Strategy (FHS) coverage in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. METHODS: this is a cross-sectional study conducted with 816 teams that adhered to the 2012 Primary Care Access and Quality Improvement Program. RESULTS: the most frequent actions were directed towards people with diabetes (91.2%), hypertension (90.8%) as well as antenatal and postnatal care (84.6%). The least frequent were directed to wards crack, alcohol and other drug users (32.4%), anxiolytic/benzodiazepine users (20.3%), people with tuberculosis (31.4%) and leprosy (21.0%). The greatest provision of health promotion and education actions occurred in smaller municipalities and with greater Family Health coverage. CONCLUSION: actions aimed at the reproductive period and chronic morbidities were the focus of primary care. FHS implementation strengthens health promotion.

Grau de incapacidade física de pacientes com hanseníase / The level of physical inability of patients with leprosy

Objetivo: avaliar o grau de incapacidade física de pacientes com hanseníase. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal, retrospectivo, com 73 pacientes diagnosticados com hanseníase. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se instrumento pré-estruturado contendo dados sociodemográficos e epidemiológicos extraídos das fichas de investigação do SINAN e do prontuário eletrônico. Os dados foram analisados no software IBM® SPSS® , versão 21.0. Resultados: constatou-se que pacientes do sexo masculino com baixa escolaridade, forma clínica dimorfa, virchowiana e neural pura, classificação operacional multibacilar e a presença de um ou mais nervos afetados tiveram maior chance de apresentar algum grau de incapacidade física. Conclusão: ressalta-se a importância da avaliação do grau de incapacidade física no momento do diagnóstico de hanseníase e as orientações para o autocuidado.(AU)

Assessing the feasibility of integration of self-care for filarial lymphoedema into existing community leprosy self-help groups in Nepal.

BACKGROUND: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) and leprosy are disabling infectious diseases endemic in Nepal. LF infection can lead to lymphoedema and hydrocoele, while secondary effects of leprosy infection include impairments to hands, eyes and feet. The disabling effects of both conditions can be managed through self-care and the supportive effects of self-help groups (SHGs). A network of SHGs exists for people affected by leprosy in four districts in Nepal's Central Development Region, however no such service exists for people affected by LF. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of integrating LF affected people into existing leprosy SHGs in this area. METHODS: A survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire to elicit information on: (i) participant characteristics, clinical manifestation and disease burden; (ii) participants' knowledge of management of their condition and access to services; and (iii) participants' knowledge and perceptions of the alternate condition (LF affected participants' knowledge of leprosy and vice versa) and attitudes towards integration. RESULTS: A total of 52 LF affected and 53 leprosy affected participants were interviewed from 14 SHGs. On average, leprosy affected participants were shown to have 1.8 times greater knowledge of self-care techniques, and practiced 2.5 times more frequently than LF affected participants. Only a quarter of LF affected participants had accessed a health service for their condition, compared with 94.3% of leprosy affected people accessing a service (including SHGs), at least once a week. High levels of stigma were perceived by both groups towards the alternate condition, however, the majority of LF (79%) and leprosy (94.3%) affected participants stated that they would consider attending an integrated SHG. CONCLUSIONS: LF affected participants need to increase their knowledge of self-care and access to health services. Despite stigma being a potential barrier, attitudes towards integration were positive, suggesting that the SHGs may be a good platform for LF affected people to start self-care in this area. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This is not a registered trial.

[Leprosy and primary care: an evaluation study from a medical perspective]. / Hanseníase e atenção primária: um estudo avaliativo sob a ótica do médico.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the presence and extent of essential attributes derived from primary health care in a leprosy control program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is an assessment of health programs, focused on leprosy and targeted at doctors working on control actions in a leprosy program of primary health care units. A questionnaire developed and validated in another study was used to measure the presence and scope of primary health care attributes in disease control. Data were entered into a database and statistical and descriptive analysis was carried out. This study was approved within the framework of CEP No. 1.128.385. RESULTS: Overall scores and essential attributes of leprosy control actions showed a high exposure to leprosy control actions in the studied city. Community's access, orientation and guidance attributes averaged below the cutoff point, demonstrating the existing weaknesses in the items that make up these attributes. CONCLUSION: Despite the weaknesses identified, the study showed high orientation towards the development of leprosy control actions, according to the assessment made by doctors working in primary care.

Acesso à orientação quanto ao autocuidado por pessoas diagnosticadas com hanseníase em um município da Zona da Mata Mineira / Access to guidance on self-care for people diagnosed with leprosy in a municipality of the Zona da Mata Mineira

Introdução: a hanseníase ainda é um problema de saúde pública no Brasil. mesmo apresentando tratamento e cura, dependendo de sua evolução, pode levar a incapacidades físicas e deformidades principalmente em mãos, pés e olhos, sendo considerada, dentre as doenças transmissíveis, a que mais ocasiona incapacidades físicas. Objetivo:identificar quais são as ações de prevenção e controle de incapacidades físicas da hanseníase ofertadas a pessoas diagnosticadas com hanseníase de um município da Zona da mata mineira. Material e Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal de natureza observacional, com participação de 23 casos diagnosticados com hanseníase em um município da Zona da mata mineira no período de 2011 a 2016. A coleta de dados deu-se através de visitas domiciliares nas quais os participantes foram abordados individualmente. os dados, após a coleta na ferramenta oDK Collect, foram exportados, tratados e analisados no IBm® sPss ® statistics v. 24 for Windows. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados, por meio de medidas de tendência central e de dispersão. Resultados: 21,7% negam ter recebido qualquer tipo de orientação ao autocuidado no momento do diagnóstico e os que receberam a oferta, esta não foi totalmente de acordo com o preconizado. Quanto às ações de controle da Hanseníase oferecidas pelo serviço de saúde em que os participantes fizeram tratamento, tem-se a presença de: consultas de acompanhamento (82,6%), ações oferecidas sempre ou quase sempre a cada consulta no tocante à avaliação da sensibilidade (95,7%), avaliação da força muscular (91,0%), orientações individuais para o autocuidado (69,6%) e orientações individuais quanto aos efeitos dos medicamentos (82,7%). evidenciou-se baixa presença de atividades educativas em grupo sobre a hanseníase (17,4%), assim como baixo número de encaminhamentos para especialistas (47,9%). Conclusão:verifica-se dificuldade operacional no manejo das ações de prevenção e controle de incapacidades da hanseníase, o que pode contribuir para o aumento do risco de desenvolver incapacidades físicas.

Introduction: leprosy is still a public health problem in Brazil. even with treatment and cure, depending on its evolution, it can lead to physical disabilities and deformities mainly in the hands, feet and eyes being considered the disease that most causes physical disabilities among communicable diseases. Objective: to identify what are the actions of prevention and control of physical disabilities of leprosy offered to people diagnosed with leprosy of a municipality in the Zona da mata mineira. Material And Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study, involving 23 cases diagnosed with leprosy in a municipality of Zona da mata mineira in the period from 2011 to 2016. Data were collected through home visits in which participants were individually addressed. The data, after the collection in the oDK Collect tool, was exported, processed and analyzed in IBm® sPss® statistics v. 24 for Windows. A descriptive analysis of the data was carried out through measures of central tendency and dispersion. Results: 21.7% deny receiving any kind of self-care orientation at the time of diagnosis. In addition, the offer was not fully in line with what was advocated. Regarding the leprosy control actions offered by the health service in which the participants received treatment: follow-up visits (82.6%), actions always or almost always offered at each consultation regarding the evaluation of the sensitivity (95.7%), muscle strength assessment (91.0%), individual guidelines for self-care (69.6%) and individual orientations regarding medication effects (82.7%). There was a low presence of group educational activities on leprosy (17.4%), as well as low referrals to specialists (47.9%). Conclusion: there is operational difficulty in managing the actions of prevention and control of leprosy disabilities, which may contribute to an increased risk of developing physical disabilities.

Trends and patterns in leprosy in nine states of the Republic of the Sudan 7 years after the introduction of routine contact screening.

Background: This paper analyzes the trends of key indicators reflecting the epidemiological situation of leprosy in nine different states of the Republic of the Sudan after the introduction of a systematic contact screening in 2010. Methods: The routinely assessed data from the leprosy control program from 2010 to 2016 were analyzed. Results: Despite, intense contact screening, the overall number of new cases detected showed a decreasing trend. The female:male ratio among new cases was constantly low. The overall average number of contacts needed to screen in order to detect a new case among contacts was 64. However, this number varied significantly in the nine states under investigation, with the best yield being observed in the state with the lowest case detection rate. Conclusions: The total number of new cases of leprosy in nine states of the Republic of the Sudan has shown declining tendencies since 2010. Our data are not suggestive of a significant impact of contact screening on the trends of leprosy key indicators. Overall, contact screening proved to be efficient in most states, including those that exhibited very low annual new case detection rates (ANCDRs). Sensitization of personnel undergoing training and measures improving access of females to leprosy services are urgently needed.

Oral health conditions in leprosy cases in hyperendemic area of the Brazilian Amazon.

Leprosy is a hyperendemic chronic condition in the Rondônia State . Despite the significant impact of oral health on the quality of life and clinical evolution of leprosy patients, systematic evaluation of oral health status has been neglected. To analyze the dental-clinical profile, self-perceived oral health and dental health service access of leprosy cases in the municipality of Cacoal in Rondônia State , North Brazil, from 2001 to 2012. A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was performed based on dental evaluation and standardized structured instruments. We investigated clinically assessed and self-perceived oral health status, as well as dental health service access. A total of 303 leprosy cases were included; 41.6% rated their oral health as good, and 42.6% reported being satisfied with their oral health. Self-reported loss of upper teeth was 45.5%. The clinical evaluation revealed that 54.5% had active caries. Most (97.7%) cases reported having been to the dentist at least once in their life and 23.1% used public health services. The poor standard of oral health in this population may increase the risk for leprosy reactions, consequently reducing quality of life. Low access to public health dental services and poor self-perceived oral health reinforce the need to achieve comprehensive health care in this population.